although it is practically impossible for a layman to see a real resemblance between them. (pp. 216­17) By the meaningless sign linked to the meaningless sound we have built the shape and meaning of Western man. Our next concern will be to trace somewhat sketchily the effects of the alphabet in manuscript culture in the ancient and medieval world. After that, we shall look much more closely at the transformation of alphabetic culture by the printing press. The Homeric hero becomes a split-man as he assumes an individual ego. * In his Art and Illusion , E. H. Gombrich writes (p. 116): If I had to reduce the last chapter to a brief formula it